The longleaf pine-grassland system of the southeastern United States is among the most fire dependent in North America. If the diversity of this system is to be conserved, then good management is required. In addition, while the management of fire is absolute in pine grasslands of this region, these systems are also managed for a variety of goals, including timber, wildlife, aesthetics, and biodiversity. Conservation of this type will require that we understand how management options can be applied to conserve this resources, and all of its components, while allowing for sustaining the ecosystem and other values such as wildlife and timber.